Corak Kajian Kebolehpasaran Siswazah di Malaysia: Sorotan antara Tahun 2010-2015

Pattern of Studies of Malaysia Graduates Employability: Review between 2010-2015

Abstract

Graduates employability has become a global issue because it involves the issue of education which is the pole in the life of society. This issue was also addressed by the Malaysian government to ensure the quality of the current education system. As such, efforts of various parties were garnered to handle it. In addition, studies were carried out to explore and debate the issue. This paper attempts to highlight the pattern of previous studies on employability of graduates from institutions of higher learning in Malaysia as well as to identify issues related to it. This study was conducted using qualitative methods. Data was collected through Systematic Literature Review matrix (SLR) by analysing the materials of the previous studies from 2000-2015 such as journal articles, conference proceedings and reports. The data which highlighted on objectives and findings of the studies were synthesized and analyzed descriptively to produce a comprehensive picture of the patterns of graduate employability studies in Malaysia within that period. The study found that there are two most significant patterns of the studies on the employability. The first is the studies on skills, features and values which could steer to graduate employability and the second is the studies on the perception and awareness of students on career issues. In addition, it is found that the number of studies related to the employability is increasing which may be caused by the issue of unemployment that still occurs up to now.

Abstrak

Kebolehpasaran siswazah telah menjadi isu global kerana melibatkan isu pendidikan yang menjadi tonggak hidup masyarakat sesebuah negara. Isu ini turut diberi perhatian oleh kerajaan Malaysia untuk memastikan kualiti dan mutu sistem pendidikan semasa. Justeru, usaha pelbagai pihak digembleng untuk menanganinya. Selain itu, kajian turut dilaksanakan bagi mengupas dan membahaskan isu ini. Penulisan ini cuba mengetengahkan corak kajian lepas tentang kebolehpasaran siswazah dari institut pengajian tinggi di Malaysia serta mengenal pasti isu-isu berkaitan dengannya. Kajian ini dijalankan menggunakan kaedah kualitatif. Data dikumpulkan melalui jadual matriks “Systematic Literature Review” (SLR) dengan melakukan analisis ke atas bahan-bahan literatur antara tahun 2010-2015. Data yang didapati dianalisis secara deskriptif dengan mengetengahkan objektif dan dapatan kajian bagi menghasilkan suatu gambaran yang menyeluruh berkaitan corak kajian kebolehpasaran siswazah di Malaysia dalam tempoh tersebut. Kajian mendapati bahawa terdapat dua corak kajian yang paling ketara mengenai kebolehpasaran iaitu: (1) kajian mengenai kemahiran, ciri dan nilai yang menjadi faktor kebolehpasaran siswazah, dan (2) ialah kajian mengenai persepsi dan tahap kesedaran pelajar terhadap isu kerjaya. Selain itu, didapati juga masih berlaku peningkatan jumlah kajian berkaitan kebolehpasaran yang mungkin disebabkan oleh isu pengangguran yang masih berlaku sehingga kini.